Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy provides tools for structural determination. Bonding and orbital theories are introduced. The isomerism videos define and differentiate constitutional isomers from stereoisomers. The infrared (IR) spectroscopy videos analyzes vibrational excitation for functional group identification. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) introduce H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR.

Chemical Reactivity introduces ionic processes involving nucleophiles and electrophiles, using arrow pushing for four mechanistic patterns. The instructional videos review thermodynamics and kinetics, and establishes acid-base principles via Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions, pKa values, and conjugate base stability factors.

Ionic Reactions at Polar Sigma Bonds covers alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers, and epoxides. Alkyl halides are central to SN1/SN2 substitution and E1/E2 elimination reactions. Alcohols have high boiling points due to hydrogen bonding and require conversion of the poor hydroxide leaving group into better ones (e.g., sulfonates, protonation). Ethers are unreactive solvents, prepared via acid-catalyzed SN2 or Williamson ether synthesis, and react via acid-catalyzed cleavage. Epoxides, highly reactive due to ring strain, are prepared stereospecifically via peroxidation or intramolecular Williamson ether synthesis, and undergo ring opening with differing regiochemical outcomes and inversion of configuration at the attacked chiral center.

Ionic Reactions at Pi Bonds explores unsaturated compounds, including alkene addition reactions with emphasis on their regiochemical and stereochemical outcomes. For conjugated pi bonds, electrophilic addition yields 1,2- and 1,4-adducts. Alkynes undergo similar additions and unique hydration reactions involving keto-enol tautomerization from unstable enols. Aromatics focus on electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS), including substituent effects, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), and elimination-additions. Carbonyls feature nucleophilic addition reactions for aldehydes/ketones and nucleophilic acyl substitution for carboxylic acid derivatives.

Pericyclic Reactions cover concerted reactions that occur via single-step cyclic transition states. Conjugated pi systems are covered, including the origins of the enhanced stability, s-cis/s-trans conformations, and predicting the UV-Vis spectroscopy using Woodward-Fieser rules. The mechanism, stereochemical outcomes, and orbital overlap considerations for Diels-Alder reactions, electrocyclic reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements under thermal and photochemical conditions are discussed.

Radical Reactions introduce the structure and stability of unpaired electrons in atoms, molecules, and ions. Fishhook arrows depict one-electron motions in six common patterns. The mechanism, thermodynamic considerations, regiochemical and stereochemical outcomes for the halogenation of alkyl chains are discussed. Other radical reactions including allylic bromination using NBS and radical hydrobromination (anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr with peroxides) are presented.